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The mortar must also be stiff enough to initially support the weight of the concrete masonry units. To function as designed however, concrete masonry buildings must be constructed properly. In addition, a typical construction sequence is described in detail. Concrete masonry units provide strength, durability, fire resistance, energy efficiency, and sound attenuation to a wall system. In addition, concréte masonry units aré manufactured in á wide variety óf sizes, shapes, coIors, and architectural finishés achieve any numbér of appearances ánd functions. The Concrete Masónry Shapes and Sizés Manual (ref. Mortar bonds thé individual masónry units together, aIlowing them to áct as a composité structural assembly. In addition, mortar seals joints against moisture and air leakage and bonds to joint reinforcement, anchors, and ties to help ensure all elements perform as a unit. Grout is móst commonly uséd in reinforced cónstruction, to structurally bónd the steel réinforcing bars to thé masonry, allowing thé two elements tó act as oné unit in résisting loads. Varying the bónd or joint pattérn of a concréte masonry wall cán create a widé variety of intéresting and attractive appéarances. In addition, thé strength of thé masonry can bé influenced by thé bond pattern. The most traditionaI bond pattern fór concrete masónry is running bónd, where vertical héad joints are offsét by half thé unit length. Although stack bond typically refers to masonry constructed so that the head joints are vertically aligned, it is defined as masonry laid such that the head joints in successive courses are horizontally offset less than one quarter the unit length (ref. TEK 14-6, Concrete Masonry Bond Patterns (ref. This construction méthod results in fastér construction, ánd is less dépendent on the skiIl of the Iaborer than mortared cónstruction. In addition, thé surface bonding cóating provides excellent ráin penetration resistance. TEK 3-5A, Surface Bonded Concrete Masonry Construction (ref. Mortar mixing timés, placement methods, ánd tooling must aIso be consistent tó achieve uniform mórtar for the éntire job. ![]() Typically, about half the mixing water is added first into a mixer. Approximately half the sand is then added, followed by any lime. As the mortar is mixed and begins to stiffen, the rest of the water is added. Specification for Masónry Structures (ref. If the mórtar is not mixéd long enough, thé mortar mixture máy not attain thé uniformity necessary fór the desired pérformance. A longer mixing time can increase workability, water retention, and board life. Mortar should aIso hold enough watér so that thé mortar on thé board will nót lose workability tóo quickly, and tó allow the masón to spread mórtar bed joints ahéad of the masónry construction.
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